CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Method
of Research
This
research used qualitative studies. It describes some phenomenon using numbers
to create the picture studies of group or individual.[1]
Descriptive method is used to describe, organize and summarize the important
characteristic of a set of data.
Arikunto says that a field research
can be carried out at the hospital, school, factory, family, society and etc.[2]
Referring to the statement, the writer conducted the research at fourth
semester English department students in STAIN Zawiyah Cot Kala Langsa. To get
empirical data for my research, the writer use observation and documentation.
In analyzing the data, the writer used a descriptive qualitative to know
students’ error in dictation from the students’ answer sheet of dictation test
and simple quantitative measurement to find the result of percentage dominant
errors.
3.2 Location of Research
The
researcher made this research for the fourth semester English department
students in STAIN Zawiyah Cot Kala because English department has Listening
class in that semester. The researcher choose this university because the
researcher is student in this university. So, the researcher known about the
subject and the lecturer that taught Listening. It is easy for the researcher
herself to take data of the sample at her own college.
3.3 Object of Research
Arikunto says that is the source of the data in the study is the
subject of where the data can be obtained.[3]
When the reseracher used observation and documentation in data collection, then
the source is called the respondent, that is those who respond or answer the
research questions, both written and oral.
The subject of the research are the students semester IV unit 3.
They are consisted of 28 students. The researcher choose this unit because when
the data collected this unit had done the dictation test to measure the
listening comprehension.
3.4 Technique for collecting data
Technique data collecting represent most important step in
research, because especial target of research is to get data.[4] This
part discusses the way of gathering and searching some data. The
technique used in this study is the observation and documentation.
3.4.1 Observation
The observation
is a technique of collecting data by closely watching and noticing the events
during the teaching learning process in the classroom. In this research the
researcher used observation to know the students’ activities in teaching and
learning process.
3.4.2 Documentation
According to
Arikunto, document is to look for the data about things or variables in the
form of notes, transcripts, books, newspapers, magazines, and inscription.
Agenda for information embodies data relating to clients under investigation.[5]
Documentation
is a technique of data collection, which involved a record of events in the
past in forms of handwriting, pictures, or even literature works is used.[6]
The document itself was used to analyze students’ error in dictation test. After
getting the data, it would be analyzed using table of classification errors and
calculated to identify the dominant errors of their answer.
The
researcher used documentation is to obtain set of students answer of dictation
test, list name of fourth semester students at listening class English
department STAIN Zawiyah Cot Kala.
3.4 Data Analysis
In qualitative approach, the data
analysis began since the researcher formulates and explains the problem. Before and after the researcher complete the
research.
Moleong explains that the techniques
of analyze the data are as follows:[7]
1)
Reduce
the data, a process to sellect the data, simplify all the data and explanation
the data have been collected.
2)
Display
the data, that is organizing the result of reduction by using arrange
information that have been collected. The information here means the process,
and the effect of the acts.
3)
Making
a conclusion is concluding the findings, which include searching for the
meaning and explanation.
3.5 Research Procedure
1.
Collecting
the students’ answer sheet of dictation test.
2.
Correcting
After
find out the data of fourth semester of English department students at STAIN
Zawiyah Cot Kala Langsa, the writer analyzes the students’ errors.
3.
Analyzing
the kind and dominant errors students made
In
analyzing the test result of the students, the writer calculated the percentage
of the students’ errors in dictation. Therefore, to find out the percentage the
writer used formula:[8]
P = 
X 100%
X 100%
Where:
P :
Percentage
F :
Frequency
N :
Total number of the students
4.
Making
the conclusion based on the research.
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